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o-Phthalic Unsaturated Polyester Resin
o-Phthalic Unsaturated Polyester Resin

o-Phthalic Unsaturated Polyester Resin is a thermosetting polymer formed by the condensation reaction of o-phthalic anhydride, glycols (such as propylene glycol or ethylene glycol), e unsaturated acids like maleic anhydride. The result is a highly reactive resin system, commonly dissolved in styrene monomer, which acts as both a reactive diluent and a crosslinking agent during curing.

Introdução ao desempenho do produto

This type of resin is part of the broader unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) family, but its unique formulation centered around ortho-phthalic acid gives it distinct performance traits and economic advantages.

🧬 2. Chemical Structure and Characteristics

Base Monomer: o-Phthalic anhydride
Reactive Diluents: Styrene (typically 30–40%)
Curing System: Free radical initiated (typically MEKP or BPO)
Polymer Backbone: Linear with unsaturated sites enabling crosslinking

🧱 3. Key Properties

Category	Detalhes
Curing Mechanism	Thermosetting via free-radical crosslinking
Physical Appearance	Clear to light yellow viscous liquid
Viscosidade	400–1200 cps at 25°C (depends on formulation)
Tempo de gel	Adjustable between 5–20 minutes (at 25°C with 1% MEKP)
Reactivity	Medium to high depending on initiator level and accelerator system
Resistência térmica	Up to 90–100°C continuous, higher with heat post-cure
Mechanical Strength	Excellent tensile and flexural properties
Resistência química	Good against dilute acids, water, and oils
Electrical Properties	Good dielectric strength and surface resistivity

🏭 4. Manufacturing and Processing

o-Phthalic resin is manufactured in closed reactors by:

Reacting phthalic anhydride and glycols under controlled heating (~200°C)
Adding maleic anhydride to introduce unsaturation
Diluting the resin with styrene monomer to adjust viscosity
Stabilizing the resin with inhibitors (e.g., hydroquinone) for shelf life

The final product is shipped as a viscous liquid, ready for curing using peroxides.

🛠️ 5. Applications

🧰 General-Purpose Composites

Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (FRP): panels, bathtubs, septic tanks
FRP Gratings & Covers: industrial floors, stair treads, trench covers
Boat hulls and watercraft structures
Cooling tower components
Storage tanks (non-chemical-grade)

🏗️ Construction & Building

Molded decorative components
Skylight domes
Concrete form liners
Partition boards
Roofing sheets

🚛 Automotive & Transportation

Truck bodies and paneling
Trailer coverings
Air deflectors

🧾 6. Technical Data Sheet (TDS)

Propriedade	Value (Typical)	Test Method / Notes
Appearance	Light yellow / Clear	Visual
Viscosity @ 25°C (Brookfield)	450–850 cps	ASTM D2196
Acid Value (mg KOH/g)	20–30	ASTM D4662
Gel Time (25°C, 1% MEKP)	8–15 minutes	ASTM D2471
Peak Exotherm Temp	140–160°C	Internal Test
Volatile Content (Styrene)	30–40%	ASTM D2369
Specific Gravity @ 25°C	1.10–1.15	ASTM D1475
Flash Point (Closed Cup)	32–33°C	ASTM D3278
Shelf Life	3–6 months (inhibitor added)	At 25°C, in sealed containers

After Cure (Fully Laminated with Glass Fiber)

Mechanical Property	Typical Value	Método de teste
Resistência à tracção	60–80 MPa	ASTM D638
Tensile Modulus	3.5–4.5 GPa	ASTM D638
Resistência à flexão	110–130 MPa	ASTM D790
Módulo de Flexão	4.5–6.0 GPa	ASTM D790
Impact Strength (Izod)	8–12 kJ/m²	ASTM D256
Heat Deflection Temp (HDT)	60–90°C	ASTM D648
Dureza Barcol	35–45	ASTM D2583
Water Absorption (24h @ 23°C)	< 0.5%	ASTM D570

🧬 7. Key Advantages

✔️ Cost-effective – most economical among UPR types
✔️ Moderate chemical resistance – good for water, oil, and weathering
✔️ Fast curing – adaptable to a wide range of catalysts and accelerators
✔️ Good mechanical strength – ideal for structural applications
✔️ Compatibility – works well with fillers, pigments, and reinforcements

⚠️ 8. Limitations

❌ Not suitable for aggressive chemical environments (acids/alkalis)
❌ Lower HDT than isophthalic or bisphenol-based resins
❌ Styrene emissions during processing may require ventilation
❌ Limited UV resistance unless topcoated or pigmented
❌ Shorter shelf life compared to pre-accelerated resins

📦 9. Packaging & Storage

Standard Packaging:
- 220 kg metal drums
- 1000 kg IBC totes
- Bulk tankers available upon request
Storage Conditions:
- Store between 5–25°C
- Avoid direct sunlight and ignition sources
- Keep containers sealed when not in use
- Add inhibitors for long-term storage

🧯 10. Health, Safety & Handling

Wear appropriate PPE: gloves, goggles, respirators
Ventilate areas during mixing and curing
Avoid contact with skin or eyes; in case of exposure, rinse immediately
Styrene vapors are flammable – use in explosion-proof areas
Dispose of curing residues according to local environmental regulations

Refer to the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for more detailed guidelines.

🧪 11. Comparison with Other UPR Types

Propriedade	o-Phthalic Resin	Isophthalic Resin	Bisphenol Resin	Éster vinílico
Custo	Baixo	Medium	Alto	Muito alto
Resistência química	Moderado	Alto	Muito alto	Excelente
Mechanical Strength	Bom	Very Good	Excelente	Excelente
Resistência térmica	Moderado	Alto	Muito alto	Alto
Curing Speed	Rápido	Moderado	Slow (long pot life)	Moderado
Formulários	General-purpose	Structural, marine	Corrosive tanks	Pipes, CIPP, tanks

❓ 12. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use o-phthalic resin in contact with drinking water?

Not recommended unless certified and post-cured under specific hygiene standards.

Q2: What is the ideal reinforcement to use?

Chopped strand mat, woven roving, or stitched fabrics depending on application. For strength-critical parts, use 600gsm or higher.

Q3: Can it be pigmented?

Yes, use color pastes compatible with polyester resins. Add pigment before adding initiator.

Q4: What accelerators are compatible?

Cobalt octoate (Co-octoate) is common. Others include DMA and potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS).

Q5: Can I adjust the gel time?

Yes. Modify initiator/accelerator levels or temperature. Always validate gel and peak exotherm for safety.

🏁 13. Conclusion

o-Phthalic Unsaturated Polyester Resin is a cost-effective, versatile solution for numerous composite applications. While it offers excellent mechanical strength and processing ease, it’s best suited for non-aggressive environments or general-purpose parts. For industrial-scale FRP production where economics meet acceptable performance, it remains a popular, reliable option.

When processed with care and combined with the right reinforcements, this resin delivers consistent and high-quality results across construction, transport, marine, and industrial applications.

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Perguntas frequentes

P: What are the main applications of o-Phthalic Unsaturated Polyester Resin? A : o-Phthalic UPR is widely used in general-purpose fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) applications such as gratings, tanks, bathtubs, pipes, panels, and decorative components. It is especially suited for environments requiring moderate mechanical strength and cost-efficiency, but not intended for aggressive chemical or high-temperature conditions.
P: How does it compare to isophthalic and vinyl ester resins? A : Cost: o-Phthalic is more economical. Performance: It has lower chemical and thermal resistance compared to isophthalic or vinyl ester resins. Usage: Choose o-Phthalic for general use, isophthalic for stronger corrosion/thermal needs, and vinyl ester for high-performance or corrosive environments.
P: How do I store and handle o-Phthalic resin safely? A : Store in cool (5–25°C), dry, well-ventilated areas. Keep away from heat, ignition sources, and sunlight. Use sealed containers, ideally nitrogen-blanketed. Always wear protective gloves, goggles, and use fume extraction when handling. Follow your supplier's MSDS for detailed safety procedures.
P: Can o-Phthalic resin be pigmented or filled? A : Yes. o-Phthalic resin is compatible with polyester-compatible pigments and fillers (e.g., calcium carbonate, ATH). Add pigments and fillers before mixing in the curing agents. Keep the viscosity in check if adding fillers to avoid poor wet-out of reinforcements.
P: How long is the shelf life of o-Phthalic resin, and how can it be extended? A : Typical shelf life is 3 to 6 months when stored in ideal conditions (below 25°C in a sealed container). To extend shelf life: Ensure resin is stabilized with hydroquinone or MEHQ inhibitors. Store in dark, cool environments. Avoid frequent opening of containers to limit oxygen and moisture exposure.

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